When the Future Was Cancelled: Part 3, Politics

Zombie Institutions and the Facade Society

What does a society look like where the structures are standing, but the content is dead? Welcome to the era of zombie institutions and the hollow state.

Political hauntology describes a situation where institutions continue to operate on inertia, even though they have lost their ability to solve problems.

Finland and the SOTE Ghost

In Finland, this phenomenon has taken concrete form in the aftermath of the social and health services (SOTE) reform. Welfare areas have been born, organizational charts drawn, and leaders selected, yet services seem to be disappearing. For example, the Western Uusimaa Welfare Area has warned of a situation where “loosening the care guarantee” and funding deficits lead to the dismantling of services, even though the system nominally exists.

This is a classic example of the “hollowed out state” phenomenon. On the surface, everything looks normal: there are agencies, meetings, and strategies. Beneath the surface, resources and operational capacity have eroded. The citizen encounters the ghost of the system—a promise of care that is not available.

Potemkin Politics

Globally, the phenomenon is visible in “zombie companies” that remain standing only on cheap debt and subsidies, as well as in political nostalgia. Right-wing populist movements and Brexit campaigns have promised a return to an imagined past because visions of the future are missing. Politics has become the summoning of ghosts: we fight past wars with modern weapons.

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